Analysis of Vitamin D Levels on Bronchiectasis Severity

Abstract

Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic disease caused by repeated infection and inflammation of the bronchial walls. Vitamin D plays a role secretion of antimicrobial peptide and inhibits release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with exacerbations, severity and decreased lung function in bronchiectasis. Several studies have found an association between vitamin D levels and bronchiectasis severity.

Methods: This study used cross-sectional study design with consecutive sampling method on bronchiectasis patients who enrolled outpatient and inpatient at Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital in February - May 2020. All research procedures obtained the approval of the Health Research Ethics Commission, Medicine faculty, Hasanuddin University Makassar. Bronchiectasis severity was assessed based on the FACED score (FEV₁, Aged, chronic Colonization by Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, radiological Extension of the disease, Dyspnea). Levels of vitamin D serum {25 (OH) D} were checked using the ELISA method.

Results: The study subjects were 44 patients, consisting of 61.4% male and 38.6% female. Most of the bronchiectasis patients in this study were mild (77.3%) based on the FACED score, 15.9% moderate and 6.8% severe. As many as 77.3% of patients had vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as much as 9.1%. All patients with moderate-severe FACED scores had vitamin D deficiency. The correlation between vitamin D levels and FACED scores showed a positive significant with p-value 0.04.

Conclusion: Low vitamin D levels are a risk factor for aggravating bronchiectasis severity and have a positive significant correlation between the two.